Hàng ngày chúng ta tuy không nhìn thấy nhưng sự hiện diện của chuỗi cung ứng rất rõ: ví dụ ở SG nhưng có thể ăn rau, hoa quả từ Đà Lạt dễ dàng, đó là nhờ chuỗi cung ứng.
Về phương tiện giao thông đường bộ, có vài lơi ích:
Accessibility
Speed
Reliability
Flexibility
Về vận tải:
TL: truck load, chất hàng lên xe tải đi từ nơi này đến nơi khác
LTL: less than truck-load: chủ có sở hữu cổ phần. và không phải lúc nào cũng gửi hàng trên xe tải này, thanh toán theo trọng lượng hàng
Parcel: vận chuyển hàng nhanh hơn nhưng chi phí mắc hơn
Truckload (TL)
Moved directly from shipper to consignee
Average 242 miles
Many small carriers
Weight 20,000 to 50,000 lbs.
Less-than-Truckload (LTL)
Picked up, moved to a terminal, reloaded for line-haul, delivered to terminal, locally delivered
Average distance about 550 miles
Requires national or regional network
Weight 50 to 10,000 lbs.
About 150 carriers
Parcel
Home/business pickup, consolidated, moved to sortation facility, trucked/flown/railed to distribution center and home/business delivered
Weight 1 to 150 lbs.
Fast (good for time-sensitive goods)
Very expensive
Không phải ai cũng gia nhập ngành vận tải đường bộ này do vấn đề chi phí. Mặc dù những năm gần đây chi phí đã giảm.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VJiI9ibP4U
Kết thúc bài thi 1 vật vã, giờ qua phần 2:
Khi đưa hoa từ Hà Lan về tại ngay nước mình có các yếu tố tiên quyết:
- Tốc độ
- Sức chứa (capacity)
- Sự tiếp cận ( accessibility), có nghĩa có khả năng đi đến nhiều Dest
Dù chi phí hơi mắc nhưng do tốc độ vượt trội so với chi phí, nên hàng không vẫn là tối ưu.
Nhược điểm: nhiên liệu và giá cả.
Cần nhiều loại máy bay khác nhau cho nhiều mục đích. Với lại hàng nhiều thì đi freighter.
Sân bay y chang motor freight terminal.
High variable costs (about 60% of total, but can be as high as 80%)
About 30% attributable to flight operations
About 12% for maintenance
About 17% for aircraft and traffic servicing
All cargo
Extra-large planes
Wide body
Narrow body
Belly cargo
Existing airliners
Smaller loads – maybe a few containers
Tóm tắt:
Operations
All-cargo airlines are operating similar to TL - you rent the entire plane.
Commercial airlines are able to carry smaller quantities as belly cargo - similar to LTL.
Parcel carriers are also using planes for small shipments - but they are often very expensive.
So what happens when it is not the 'right' density?
- If it is less dense, then you get charged for the volume translated to the corresponding weight
- If it is heavier then you pay for the actual weight
Competition
- Fuel costs: who can best manage the largest expense and hedge against future price increases
- Who can manage the delays put on by security concerns. Technology is starting to help alleviate these issues.
Quá dễ, qua phần 3: Xe lửa
Nó rẻ hơn dù chậm hơn
What is intermodal?
Most products have the ability to trade time versus cost. As a basic rule - if the cargo comes in full containers then it is a good candidate for intermodal. The key to intermodal is the use of containers and its seamless transfer from one mode to another. Think about it this way – if we can easily move freight from one truck to another then we can simply substitute another mode of transportation that is more efficient on that part of the lane - the cargo in the container stays untouched.
Advantages:
On long distances rail transportation has a significant advantage over truck in terms of fuel efficiency – which translates into a large cost advantage.
On long distances (over 500 miles) rail is not much slower than truck
Accessibility: by combining the advantages of rail and truck, the freight can reach any spot a regular truck could reach
Các công ty vận chuyển nhanh:
Express delivery firms use several modes to the best of their advantage:
Rail is the cheapest and reasonably fast over long distances
Motor is fast for short distances and can pickup and deliver everywhere
Air is fastest and cost is justified for certain items.
The general purpose of these terminals is fourfold:
To receive shipments from across their network
To send individual packages to customer
To collect individual packagers from shippers
To route packages to their destinations
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Speed
Truck: approximately 50 miles (or 80 kilometers) per hour over the highway for up to 500 miles (800 kilometers)
Train: approximately 30 miles (or 50 kilometers) per hour over almost any distance.
Air: upwards of 200 miles (or 320 kilometers) per hour for distances of more than 500 miles (800 kilometers), including ground operations.
Distance
Truck: up to 500 miles (800 kilometers) is the ideal distance, but there are still advantages over the other modes up to 750 miles (1200 kilometers).
Train: for distances of more than 750 miles intermodal has some speed advantages, but the average distance for intermodal is somewhere around 1,700 miles.
Air: at least 500 miles (800 kilometers) but typically more than 2000 miles.
Cost
Truck: current rates are highly variable, but $1.50 per mile is a reasonable starting value for a TL shipment
Rail: intermodal freight shipments are typically much cheaper than TL and a common rule of thumb is about 60-80% of the price of a TL shipment.
Air: typically we consider air freight to be about 6 to 8 times more expensive than truck.
Post để làm bài:
1. The distance from Saigon (Vietnam) to Doha (Qatar) is about 6000 km. The time of dispatch is 10:48 and the time of arrival is 13:38.
2. I bring the cargo to the agent (warehouse). The agent, on behalf of shipper (me) make some procedure with Customs and wrap the package. Then the agent send the product to the airlines.
3. The products transported by air.
4.
